![]() ![]() The works of the medieval period remain a rich area of study for scholars interested in diverse interdisciplinary topics such as economic history, political and religious studies and the status of women in medieval society. The sophisticated visual culture encompassed numerous media-architecture, sculpture, painting, textiles, shrines and ivories. Additional prominent works of this period include Romanesque architecture, such as the cathedral at Santiago de Compostela in Spain, and the great Gothic cathedrals at Amiens, Reims and Notre-Dame in Paris with their façade sculpture, stained glass, altarpieces, and treasuries of enamels, reliquaries and embroidered vestments. It also includes ivories, manuscripts and building projects of the Carolingian and Ottonian dynasties that produced such monuments as Charlemagne’s Palatine chapel at Aachen. This fascinating artistic period includes painted decorations from the catacombs in Rome, grand Byzantine monuments such as the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, famed mosaics in Ravenna, illuminated manuscripts and metalwork of the Insular art of Ireland and Britain such as the Lindisfarne Gospels and the Book of Kells. During the medieval period, the various secular arts were unified by the Christian church and the sacred arts associated with it. The era encompasses many artistic styles and periods, including early Christian and Byzantine, Anglo-Saxon and Viking, Insular, Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque, and Gothic. The thousand plus years between the division of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western empires around the 4th century AD and the beginnings of the Renaissance in Europe are known as the medieval period. These are supports set into a wall to carry a weight from above and can be made from stone or wood. Medieval buildings, such as churches, often feature corbels. 500 photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY Some grand medieval buildings feature heraldic tiles, and these stone slabs carved with devices and emblems (even coats of arms) can be used internally and externally. ![]() While similar buildings have been constructed around the world, the word castle refers mainly to a structure built in. Ravenna, S Apollinare Nuovo, mosaic showing the Betrayal of Christ, c. What is a Castle A castle is a medieval stronghold, often home to royalty. Public Art, Land Art, and Environmental Art But the city remains best known as the birthplace of the Renaissance, and most of these nine buildings reflect. During its long history it has served many other roles, including a brief stint as the national capital of Italy in the 1860s. Installation Art, Mixed-Media, and Assemblage Florence was founded in the 1st century BCE as a Roman military colony. Collecting, Patronage, and Display of Art
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